Philosophy is a large field that includes many different ways of thinking. As a result, philosophical schools are often put into groups based on how they see the world. Some schools, like phenomenology, are more scientifically based, while others are more traditional and abstract. But even though the eight most prominent schools have a lot in common, they are not all alike.
The Samkhya school of thought is the oldest and most traditional. It says there are two parts to the universe: Prakriti and Purusha. Prakriti is the world's first principle, and Purusha is the force that makes things happen. The Samkhya school says that the two are different but still the same.
The Upanishads and Vedas are based on the Vedanta school of thought. Its philosophy is based on the Geta and Brahma-sutra, among the first works, to sum up, the Upanishads. Sri Sankara, who started it, thought that the Brahma sutra was the best way to understand these texts. Therefore, Advaitavada is the most critical part of Vedanta.
Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre are two existentialists. Albert Camus was also connected to the existentialists, but he was not a member of that group. Nevertheless, these ways of thinking were common in ancient Greece and Rome, and many people still use them in stressful situations.
The Nyaya Sutras, which Aksapada Gautama wrote in the second century B.C., are the basis for the Nyaya school. This school builds its philosophical ideas on a system of philosophical logic. Its followers think the only way to be free is to get good information. It looks at the world in a way that is similar to the Advaita Vedanta school.
Hedonism is the oldest school of thought that people know about. Hedonists pay a lot of attention to pleasure. Even though they don't believe in magic, these philosophers think pleasure is a way to be happy. Some hedonists have even said that sex and eating should be done together.
Even though each of these schools has its ideas, they are often the same. Axiology, for example, looks at what value is and how it works on a metaphysical level. Its way of thinking is often called "value theory." It is a branch of Philosophy that tries to figure out what value is.
The goal of philosophy is to understand who people are and how they relate to the rest of the world. It is considered the mother of all sciences and has helped us understand how people act and how the world works. This knowledge has helped us plan our activities with each other and on our own. Philosophy also tries to paint a complete picture of the universe and how things are.
Classical idealism is a school of thought that asks questions about how things are. For example, it says that people don't have free will and that knowledge comes from past experiences. It also thinks that the world is split into two different places. Even though it is called "pragmatism," the focus of this philosophy is often on change and growth.
India is home to an old religion called Jainism. Its 24th Tirthankara, Mahavira, was a perfect example of good behavior and the three jewels. Nirvana is reached by trying to get the three jewels, the proper knowledge, and the correct behavior. It's also possible that the Ajivikas were wandering ascetics, and their leader, Makkhali Gosala, is the most well-known person from this school.
Jain philosophy is a branch of philosophy that focuses on the anekantavada doctrine, which says that the ultimate truth is always multi-dimensional. In the Buddhist Pali Canon, a story called the Udana shows how this doctrine works. This idea is similar to the idea of karma. It also talks about the moral order of the universe and how things should be fair. It is a branch of philosophy that can be used in many different ways.
Buddhism is a way of thinking that doesn't believe in gods. It is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince who lived in the 5th century B.C. Hinduism and Buddhism have a lot in common, and the Four Noble Truths are one of those things. Ethics, phenomenology, and epistemology are also significant parts of Buddhism.
Ancient India is where Vedic philosophy began. During the Vedic Period, sacred texts helped guide Aryan society in many ways. But Vedic literature wasn't written down for hundreds of years after that. So, for example, the Dharma-sutra, which talks about the rules of religious law, is one of the four Vedas.